Great effort has been recently placed on CO 2 capture using gas separation membranes, and examples are found in the literature. Membrane technology has already been commercialized and documented as a competitive technology for selected gas separation processes such as air separation and natural gas sweetening during the last two or three decades. The conventional chemical absorption is a mature technology for CO 2 separation, but is also energy intensive and high cost, which can result in a large incremental cost and a significant environmental impact. CO 2 capture from exhaust gases in cement factory receives particular attention as CO 2 is also a byproduct in a cement production process and cannot be avoided.ĭifferent technologies such as chemical and physical absorption, membrane separation, physical adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and chemical looping can be used for CO 2 capture in various processes. Moreover, CO 2 removal from natural gas or biogas is also mandatory as the acid gas can cause pipeline corrosion during gas transportation. Among them, fossil fuel power plants are responsible for the largest CO 2 emissions, and post-combustion power plants are being the main contributors which need to be firstly tackled. The main applications of CCS are likely to be at large CO 2 point sources: fossil fuel power plants and energy-intensive industries such as iron/steel manufacture, refinery, cement factory, and natural gas and biogas plants. Among them, CCS is considered as one of the most promising way which can continuously use fossil fuels without causing significant increase of CO 2 emissions. Three different solutions can be employed to reduce CO 2 emissions, i.e., improving energy efficiency, switching to use less carbon-intensive and renewable energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Control of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially CO 2, is one of the most challenging environmental issues related to global climate change. The International Energy Outlook (IEO2011) reference case reported that world energy-related carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions would increase to 35.2 billion metric tons in 2020 and 43.2 billion metric tons in 2035. Finally, significant improvements on membrane material performance, module, and process efficiency are still needed for membrane technology to be competitive in CO 2 capture. In the last part, CO 2/CH 4 selectivity of > 30 was pointed out to be the requirement of energy-efficient membrane system for CO 2 removal from natural gas and biogas. Moreover, novel energy-efficient process development for CO 2 capture in power plant and process industry are discussed the MTR patented air sweeping process is considered one of the most energy-efficient processes for post-combustion CO 2 capture. The required high-performance membranes with CO 2 permeance of 3 m 3(STP)/(m 2 h bar) and high CO 2/N 2 selectivity (> 40) were identified as the future direction of material development. Therefore, this work paid particular attention to recent development of membrane materials such as fixed-site-carrier membranes and ultrathin nanocomposite membranes. With regard to gas separation membrane technology, only three types of membranes have been demonstrated at pilot scale. Different types of membrane materials for CO 2 capture were reviewed in terms of material performance, energy efficiency, and cost. This review highlights recent developments and future perspectives on CO 2 capture from power plants and energy-intensive industries to reduce CO 2 emissions.
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